Until now, the standard method used to genetically modify an organism was to introduce foreign genes into its genome without knowing where they will be incorporated. Specifically in regards to its use on crops, this method has been the subject of concerns due to its random nature, which could result in health and environmental hazards. A new study by researchers at the University of Minnesota and Massachusetts General Hospital, has successfully utilized a new method of genetic modification to create herbicide resistant tobacco plants.Daniel Voytas, director of the U of M Centre for Genome Engineering, headed the study which used a customized enzyme called a zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) to change single genes in tobacco plant cells. These engineered enzymes bind to specific DNA sequences and introduce modifications at or near the binding site.
The significant difference between this and the standard method is that rather than introducing foreign DNA into the plant's genome, a slight change in the sequence of the plant's own DNA was made.
It is hoped that this new method will allow scientists to genetically modify plants to produce food, bio fuel and fiber sustainably while minimizing concerns about genetically modified organisms. It could also aid in the adaptation of plants due to climate change. According to Voytas, this technology is ready to use and could have a significant impact on agricultural output and practices.
References:
Article: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/148297.php
Study: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature07845.html
