Identification of Key Proteins Needed For Ovulation

Two proteins essential for ovulation to take place have been identified in rats by researchers form the National Institutes of Health. The finding has implications for treating infertility resulting from a failure of ovulation to occur as well as for developing new means to prevent pregnancy by preventing the release of the egg.

In the study, the researchers observed that the release of molecules known as extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1 and ERK 2) are signaled by a hormone called luteinizing. In turn, these molecules trigger a chain of chemical sequences that bring about the release of the egg, the transformation of granulosa cells into luteal cells, and the production of progesterone.

To conduct the study, Dr. Richards and her colleagues used mice that lacked the genes needed to produce ERK1 and ERK2. The ovaries of these mice still produced eggs, but did not release them after exposure to luteinizing hormone. Also, the granulosa cells did not transform into luteal cells and begin producing progesterone, the normal course of events when the two genes are present. In contrast, mice with working versions of the genes for ERK1 and ERK 2 were fertile.

To date, no other genes have been discovered that are essential to both ovulation and the conversion of the other cells to progesterone producers, according to Dr. Richards. An important role of the ERK1 and ERK2, she said, appears to be to stop the granulosa cells from growing, so that they take on their final role of producing progesterone.

Source:
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150249.php
Picture:
http://dustanddreams.blogspot.com/2008/05/six-pregnant-women.html