Currently, HIV is mainly treated with ART (antiretroviral therapies). However, this is extremely expensive and impractical to take to people's everyday life. Early this year a man in Germany reported to be "free from HIV" after a bone marrow transplant. It turns out that individuals that inherit two copies of delta32 mutation in gene CCR5 possess white blood cells that do not have a specific receptor that HIV recognizes. The bone marrow transplant was from a donor with the exact mutation needed, and after the transplant all the immune cells produced became resistant to HIV.
Scientists are now exploring the possibity of "enter gene therapy" - giving bone marrow transplant to HIV infectants. However serious challenges are still in the way, including the ethics of giving someone without cancer a bone marrow transplant. Moreover donors with two delta32 mutations are extremely rare, and with the number of patients that potentially require this therapy, there are a lot of things that need to be resolved first.
link: http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126964.400-gene-therapy-promises-oneshot-treatment-for-hiv.html
