Recent research studies have shown evidence that removing or manipulating a particular gene, IRS-1, correlated with a longer lifespan in mice. The genetically altered mice lived considerably longer than their unchanged counterparts – 20% longer in males, and 30% longer in females. As well as this, the general health of the mice with the altered IRS-1 was superior to that of the normal mice as they aged. In particular they showed healthier skin, bones, eyes and immune function.
The IRS-1 gene functions in regulating insulin levels. Previous scientific studies have shown specific links between insulin regulating genes such as this, and how long an animal lives. It is therefore likely that this gene plays a direct role in regulating the lifespan of mammals. Consequently, if this gene can be manipulated to allow a longer lifespan, it is likely that diseases such as Alzheimers and heart disease which occur with increased risk with ageing could be prevented or overcome.
Although it is unclear exactly how removing this gene can have this effect, Professor Withers of the Centre for Research on Ageing at the University of London proposed a theory. He believes that essentially rendering this gene silent causes stress in the body, forcing it to switch on other pathways to lower stress, and pretect from cellular stress and damage. He compared it to the training of an athlete – although running each day may cause the body stress at the time, eventually it will become less stressful as the body adapts to it.
While this research has promising outcomes and many potential applications, there are several obstacles to be overcome before it can be transferred to humans.
To view the original article, visit:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2007/oct/22/genetics
Claire Mellick, s4206080
