Blame your parents for your high blood pressure!

High blood pressure, a life-threatening condition that affects about one in three American adults, may be triggered not only by what we eat and whether we smoke, but by who we have as parents, researchers say.

In a study led by scientists at the Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Human Genetic Research and Cardiovascular Research Center, researchers said they have found 10 genetic variants that, when combined, can significantly raise the risks of heart attack, heart disease, and stroke.

Along with other risk factors, such as a person’s age, gender, and excess weight, the combination of genes was to blame for a 21-percent increase in the risk of heart attack and heart disease and a 34-percent boost in the risk of stroke, officials said.

High blood pressure and hypertension are leading causes of heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and other health problems. Each year worldwide, more than seven million people die from high blood pressure. Common treatments for people with high blood pressure include losing weight, cutting salt and alcohol from the diet, exercising, and taking medications to lower blood pressure.

Study Finds Similar Genetic Variants

The genetic maps of more than 60,000 people were studied in two separate studies with the goal of identifying areas of genes that might be linked to high blood pressure. Researchers found that most people who suffered from high blood pressure had the same 10 genetic variations for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. To the contrary, people who did not have the gene variants had lower blood pressure levels, according to the study.

A Research Breakthrough

The authors of the study heralded the new findings as “exciting new avenues for blood pressure treatments that have not been explored because we had no way of knowing the gene regions were involved in blood pressure regulation.”

The next step? Researchers say they plan to focus on finding how the individual genes in the variants affect blood pressure. Someday, doctors may be able to identify people who, because of their genes, are more susceptible to high blood pressure and implement more effective measured to prevent and treat the condition.

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New High Blood Pressure Genes Identified

ScienceDaily (May 10, 2009) — Researchers at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, along with an international team of collaborators, have identified common genetic changes associated with blood pressure and hypertension. The study, reporting online in Nature Genetics, breaks new ground in understanding blood pressure regulation and may lead to advances in hypertension therapy.

"Strikingly, none of the genes we identified as having common variation are part of the system we know about that regulates blood pressure – the genes identified are not the ones targeted by current prescription drugs to control hypertension," says Aravinda Chakravarti, Ph.D., head of the Center for Complex Disease Genomics in the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Hopkins. "If we can increase the number of genes implicated in blood pressure maintenance from the current 12 to the expected 50 in the next year, our understanding of the biology will change completely."

Consistently elevated blood pressure increases the risk of stroke, heart attack and kidney failure, among other conditions. High blood pressure affects about 30 percent or more of adults and causes millions of deaths worldwide each year. While the environment (diet, physical activity, stress, etc.) affects blood pressure, genetics also plays a substantial role and, according to Chakravarti, may increase some people's risk of developing high blood pressure under specific environmental exposures; however, many genes involved in blood pressure regulation remain unknown.

To identify genes involved in blood pressure maintenance and hypertension, the researchers analyzed differences in the genomes of nearly 30,000 people of European descent whose average systolic blood pressures ranged from 118 mm Hg to 143 mm Hg and average diastolic blood pressures ranged from 72 mm Hg to 83 mm Hg. These individuals were part of a long-term study of cardiovascular health and disease supported by the National Institutes of Health called ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities). The researchers looked for genetic differences that correlated with high blood pressure and found 11 variations or changes in DNA sequence that appear to regulate blood pressure levels.

Changes in one gene, ATP2B1, were linked to both blood pressure and hypertension. The gene ATP2B1 makes a protein that pumps calcium out of the cells that line the interior of blood vessels. Changes in SH2B3, a protein involved in the immune response, were also linked to increased blood pressure. Researchers also identified changes in genes involved in cell growth as well as genes necessary for correct heart development. Identifying genes in unexpected pathways emphasizes the many levels of precise blood pressure regulation, says Chakravarti.

According to Chakravarti, each of the genetic differences found is common in the population and causes only small changes in blood pressure. This study, he says, supports the idea that changes in many genes contribute to high blood pressure and hypertension. Chakravarti believes the combination of multiple changes in different genes may increase blood pressure significantly although the affect of each individual change on blood pressure is small.

"Hypertension is difficult to study; it is a trait, not a disease per se unless left untreated, and many things contribute to it," says Chakravarti. "These findings identify more pathways important for blood pressure maintenance and may lead to improvements in hypertension therapy and the formation of early detection systems."

available at http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090505175654.htm

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